Battery
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What is a Battery?
The most common word of today’s world is "battery," : an
electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electricity.
A galvanic cell is a fairly simple
device consisting of two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) and an
electrolyte solution. Batteries consist of one or more galvanic
cells.
Battery Labels
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard, ANSI
C18.1M-1992, lists several battery features that must be listed on a
battery's label. They are,
• Manufacturer -- The
name of the battery manufacturer.
• ANSI Number -- The ANSI/NEDA number of the battery.
• Date -- The month and year that the battery was
manufactured or the month and year that the
battery "expires" (i.e., is no longer guaranteed by the
manufacturer).
• Voltage -- The nominal battery voltage.
• Polarity -- The positive and negative terminals. The
terminals must be clearly marked.
Warnings -- Other warnings and cautions related to battery usage and disposal.
One Of The Types : Lead-Acid Battery
Lead-acid batteries, developed in the late 1800s, were the first
commercially practical batteries. Batteries of this type remain
popular because they are relatively inexpensive to manufacture. The
most widely known uses of lead-acid batteries are as automobile
batteries. Rechargeable lead-acid batteries have been available
since the 1950s and have become the most widely used type of battery
in the world—more than 20 times the use rate of its nearest rivals.
In fact, battery manufacturing is the single largest use for lead in
the world.
PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 —> 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
Lead-acid batteries remain popular because they can produce high or low currents over a wide range of temperatures, they have good shelf life and life cycles, and they are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and purchase. Lead-acid batteries are usually rechargeable.
Lead-acid batteries come in all manner of shapes and sizes, from household batteries to large batteries for use in submarines. The most noticeable shortcomings of lead-acid batteries are their relatively heavy weight and their falling voltage during discharge.